Comorbidity of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity and Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders

A robust literature supports a relationship between ADHD and psychoactive substance use disorders that has familial, genetic, environmental, and concurrent psychopathological elements. Conduct disorder appears to mediate ADHD and substance use disorders. Complex genetic, behavioral, and self-medication influences contribute to the development and continuation of substance use disorders in subjects withADHD. Patients with ADHD and psychoactive substance use disorders require comprehensive multimodal intervention incorporating strategiesof addiction treatment and mental health care.