New insight into the mechanism of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that induces the mobilization of neutrophils

Over the past 20 years, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has driven the attention of researchers as a therapeutic agent for curing patients suffering from neutropenia. Despite the successful use of G-CSF, it currently requires daily injections, which are inconvenient, expensive, and distressing for children. Therefore, an alternative strategy for using G-CSF for treatment is needed. Understanding the G-CSF structure, expression, mechanism of action, and how it induces neutrophils mobilization is crucial to producing promising cancer therapy. The ability of G-CSF to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow into the blood circulation was consequently exploited and altered the practice of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This is the motivation for the current review, which sheds light on the history of G-CSF and then focuses on the mechanism of action upon binding to its receptor (G-CSFR) and how that had led to the stimulation of neutrophils mobilization. The findings of this review show new insight into the mechanism of G-CSF that induces neutrophils mobilization. Thus, Understanding the G-CSF will provide a more effective treatment for all neutropenia patients.