Spectroscopic observations by the Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed young, compact, high-redshift (z) galaxies with high nitrogen-to-oxygen (N/O) ratios. GN-z11 at z=10. 6 is one of these galaxies. James Webb One possible scenario for such a high N/O ratio is pollution from supermassive stars (SMSs), from which stellar winds are expected to be nitrogen-rich. The abundance pattern is determined by both galaxy evolution and SMS pollution, but so far, simple one-zone models have been used. Using a galaxy formation simulation, we tested the SMS scenario. We used a cosmological zoom-in simulation that includes chemical evolution driven by rotating massive stars (Wolf-Rayet stars), supernovae, and asymptotic giant branch stars. As a post-process, we assumed the formation of an SMS with a mass between 10³ and 10⁵ and investigated the contribution of its ejecta to the abundance pattern. The N/O ratio was enhanced by the SMS ejecta, and the abundance pattern of GN-z11, including the carbon-to-oxygen and oxygen-to-hydrogen ratios, was reproduced by our SMS pollution model if the pollution mass fraction ranges between 10--30 percent. This pollution fraction can be realized when the gas ionized by the SMS is polluted, and the gas density is 10⁴--10⁵, cm-3 assuming a Strömgren sphere. We also compared the abundance pattern with those of other N/O-enhanced high-z galaxies. Some of these galaxies can also be explained by SMS pollution.
Ebihara et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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