Optimal capacity allocation for EV charging stations considering dynamic interactions between power and transportation networks

The increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in recent years has promoted coupling between transportation networks (TNs) and power distribution networks (PDNs). However, when the disordered charging demands of EVs and regular power demands peak simultaneously, the operation of the PDN is challenging. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a coordinated framework in which the PDN operator maximizes electricity supply to charging stations (CSs) within safety constraints, thereby optimally allocating station-level charging capacity. Moreover, the spatiotemporal distribution of EVs is captured by implementing a dynamic traffic assignment model. Building upon accurate prediction of charging loads, optimal pricing strategies are devised to maximize the economic efficiency of the coupled power and transportation networks. The results of extensive numerical calculations indicate that the allocation of CS service capacity by the PDN effectively maximizes the available charging power at CSs while mitigating the stability and safety risks of PDNs. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the economic superiority of the dynamic traffic assignment model compared with static models.