Circular RNAs in tumorigenesis: an insight into recent research in biogenesis and targeted tumor therapy

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are eukaryotic RNA molecules that are covalently closed and have the characteristics of high stability, tissue-specific expression, and cell-specific expression. The majority of circRNAs are produced from pre-mRNAs that also result in linear RNA, and they have expression patterns that are similar to those of their host mRNAs. Despite their abundance, circRNAs are typically expressed at lower levels than mRNAs. These molecules are often dysregulated in Cancer and play important roles during the beginning and progression of tumors, according to mounting data. Dysregulated circRNAs unique to Cancer may be used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis since certain circRNAs from cancer tissues have been shown to go through the bloodstream and be persistently present in sera. It has been discovered that circRNAs not only influence tumor immunity and play a major role in tumor indicators, tumor development, and prognosis, but they may also be expressed improperly in various tumors.