Performance limits of switched-capacitor DC-DC converters

The theoretical performance limits of two-phase switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC power converters are discussed in this paper. For a given number of capacitors k, the complete set of attainable DC conversion ratios is found. The maximum step-up or step-down ratio is given by the k/sup th/ Fibonacci number, while the bound on the number of switches required in any SC circuit is 3k-2. Practical implications, illustrated by several SC power converter examples, include savings in the number of components required for a given application, and the ability to construct SC power converters that can maintain the output voltage regulation and high conversion efficiency over a wide range of input voltage variations. Limits found for the output resistance and efficiency can be used for selection and comparison of SC power converters.>