Water Pollution and Eco-Theology: Legal and Ethical Approaches to Environmental Protection in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the intersection of ecotheological perspectives and environmental law in addressing water pollution in Indonesia, with a focus on three critical locations: the Citarum River in West Java, the Brantas River in East Java, and the Musi River in South Sumatra. The research explores how Islamic religious teachings, through an eco-theological lens, interpret the relationship between humans and nature, and how these teachings can be integrated with legal frameworks for environmental protection. The study examines verses in the Qur'an and hadiths related to creation, ecological responsibility, and the human-nature relationship, linking them with current environmental laws that govern water pollution. It also investigates the role of legal and ethical approaches in enhancing public awareness and promoting sustainable practices to mitigate water pollution. The findings reveal that Islamic perspectives on ecological stewardship, when applied to legal frameworks, can encourage more proactive and sustainable actions. Legal and ethical approaches, grounded in religious teachings, significantly enhance public awareness and encourage behavioural changes to protect water resources.