With the development of the new energy industry, the issues of lithium resource constraints and price fluctuations have become increasingly prominent. Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a research hotspot due to their advantages such as abundance, low-cost, safety, and wide temperature range adaptability. This paper elaborates on the working principle of sodium-ion batteries, compares their performance indicators with those of mainstream batteries (including lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary lithium batteries, and lead-acid batteries), and analyzes the characteristics of sodium-ion batteries in terms of energy density, cycle life, and cost. It focuses on reviewing the research progress of cathode materials, anode materials, and electrolytes, and discusses the performance advantages and existing problems of each type of material. Finally, the paper summarizes the technical development path of sodium-ion batteries and their application potential in fields such as low-speed transportation and large-scale energy storage, and looks forward to their future development trends.
Chen et al. (Mon,) studied this question.