Human menstrual fluid (MF) is rich in extracellular vesicles originating from peripheral blood components and local endometrial and immune cells. Here, we present a protocol to obtain MF-derived small extracellular vesicles (MF-sEVs) using dilution, low-speed centrifugation, filtration, and size-exclusion chromatography. We describe steps for characterizing pooled fractions by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting. This workflow yields high-quality MF-sEVs suitable for reproducible omics and functional assays, enabling robust biomarker discovery and therapeutic exploration in uterine disorders.
Tang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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