Using the COM-B model to identify barriers and facilitators of long-term participation in a dance programme to increase physical activity in older adults

‘Dance On’ is a community-based dance programme designed to engage older adults, especially females, and those of a low socioeconomic status, in regular physical activity. Data showed those that those who engage with ‘ Dance On’ report a sustained increased in physical activity and wellbeing over 12 months. In this study we aim to explore older adults’ perspectives on factors that help or hinder continued engagement with ‘Dance On’ in relation to both the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Semi-structured interviews with 18 older people who had participated in ‘Dance On’ for more than 12 months were conducted. Data analysis involved deductive thematic analysis using the COM-B to identify overarching behavioural influences, and then the domains of the TDF were mapped onto the elements of the COM-B to permit a more detailed examination of the psychological, social, and environmental factors underpinning behaviour. Eleven of the 14 TDF domains, mapped onto the COM-B domains. Environmental context and resource, especially location and cost and social influences, including social support and the inclusive nature of the sessions were particularly important to sustain. The leadership of the dance classes was also seen as a key factor in sustained participation. Three of the TDF were not mentioned by participants including knowledge, optimism and behavioural regulation. Sustained adherence to community-based programmes like ‘Dance On’ can be meaningfully supported by the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) that draws upon both the COM-B and TDF. • Long-term engagement (>12m) in a community-based dance programme was explored. • The COM-B and TDF identified key psychological, social, and environmental influences barriers and facilitators to participation. • Social support, inclusivity, and accessibility were critical for sustained adherence. • Instructor leadership and group atmosphere supported continued participation. • The Behaviour Change Wheel offers guidance for designing sustainable interventions.