Process evaluation of a disability-inclusive employment programme in Bangladesh: examining underlying mechanisms and contextual influences on the impact of STAR+

Persons with disabilities are more likely to be excluded from employment than those without disabilities, yet little is known about effective strategies to address this gap globally. This study is a process evaluation of a disability-inclusive employment programme STAR+, conducted in Bangladesh alongside a cluster randomised controlled trial. The intervention comprised a six-month apprenticeship for youth with disabilities to develop trade-specific skills, alongside additional disability-inclusive components such as workplace modifications. Using qualitative data from participants and implementers, triangulated with trial endline data and programme documentation, the study examines intervention mechanisms of impact and contextual factors. Findings highlight the acquisition of practical and soft skills (e.g., self-confidence) as key positive mechanisms. However, entry into waged employment was constrained by structural barriers, family resistance, and broader disability- and gender-related stigma. Overall, findings show that STAR+ was successful as a skill development programme but identify barriers to improved waged employment outcomes.