Analysis of property rights practice contradictions and typical models in grassland pastoral areas: a field survey based on Abaga Banner, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia

Based on 81 household interview data collected from Honggor Gol Town, Abaga Banner, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia, this study systematically analyzes four core contradictions in the practice of property rights in desert rangeland pastoral areas: rangeland right certification contradictions, rangeland tenure contradictions, property rights dispute resolution contradictions, and contradictions between ecological policies and property rights implementation. By refining the operational guidelines of T-B’s “Hoof and Leg Theory” and “Four-Point Balance” model, combined with cost-benefit analysis, this study proposes an optimization path of “collaborative right certification, standardized tenure allocation, professional mediation, and differentiated ecological policies.” Responding to Ostrom’s common-pool resource governance theory and context dependence theory, this research fills the gap in micro-level studies on property rights practice in ecologically sensitive desert rangeland areas, providing empirical evidence and theoretical support for the improvement of rangeland property rights systems in pastoral areas.