Coaxial Line Reflection Methods for Measuring Dielectric Properties of Biological Substances at Radio and Microwave Frequencies-A Review

Coaxial line reflection methods for measuring dielectric properties of biological materials at radio (RF) and microwave (MF) frequencies are reviewed and compared from the point of view of their relative uncertainties of measurement of lossy substances with high dielectric constant. Advantages and limitations of different methods and some practical recommendations are presented.