Interventions for the prevention of falls in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

Abstract Objective To assess the relative effectiveness of interventions to prevent falls in older adults to either a usual care group or control group. Table 2 Components of multifactorial falls risk assessment Trial Orthostatic blood pressure Vision Balance and gait Drug review Instrumental activities of daily living or activities of daily living Cognitive evaluation Environmental hazards Other Carpenter 1990 w4 No No No No Yes No No Fabacher 1994 w13 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Assessment of hearing and depression Rubenstein 1990 w30 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Neurological and musculoskeletal examination, laboratory tests, 24 hour heart monitor Tinetti 1994 w37 Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Muscle strength and range of motion Wagner 1994 w39 No Yes No Yes No No Yes Hearing, assessment of alcohol misuse, assessment of physical activity Gallagher 1996 w15 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes List of health problems Coleman 1999 w7 No No No Yes No No No Self management skills, health assessment Close 1999 w6 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <jats:td align="center" rowspan="1" colsp