Artificial Intelligence, Extreme Speech and the Challenges of Online Content Moderation

Online extreme speech has emerged as a significant challenge for democratic societies worldwide.Governments, companies, and academic researchers have responded to this phenomenon by increasingly turning to Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a potential tool that can detect, decelerate, and remove online extreme speech.AI deployment is expected to bring scalability, reduce costs, and decrease human discretion and emotional labor in the removal of objectionable content.However, even though digitalization is now a global phenomenon, AI tools for extreme speech detection that are globally applicable, inclusive, and yet resource-efficient and feasible are lacking.