The article analyses the transformation of the concept of ontology from its philosophical origins to its use in computer science and software engineering. The author points out that, in philosophy, ontology is a fundamental theory of being and a condition for the possibility of scientific knowledge. At the same time, in computer science, it becomes a tool for systematising knowledge and building conceptual models of subject domains. Special attention is paid to the distinction between philosophical and computational ontology: the former is aimed at identifying patterns of existence and expanding the horizons of knowledge, while the latter is aimed at the practical application of knowledge through algorithms, databases, and artificial intelligence systems. The author notes that in computer science, ontology serves as a "framework" for organising information, provides shared access to knowledge for users and programs, and also allows for the harmonisation of different fields of knowledge. It is emphasised that philosophical ontology has a worldview value, and computational ontology has an applied one. Thus, the article reveals the dual nature of ontology: as a philosophical theory that underlies scientific knowledge, and as a technical tool that ensures the effective use of knowledge in computer systems.
Bondar Svitlana (Wed,) studied this question.
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