Specifying gestures by example

Gesture-based interfaces offer an alternative to traditional keyboard, menu, and direct manipulation interfaces. The ability to specify objects, an operation, and additional pa-rameters with a single intuitive gesture appeals to both novice and experienced users. Unfortunate y, gesture-based interfaces have not been extensively researched, partly be-cause they are difficult to create. This paper describes GRANDMA, a toolkit for rapidly adding gestures to di-rect manipulation interfaces. The trainable single-stroke gesture recognize used by GRANDMA is also described.