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We consider the problem of constructing a species tree given a number of gene trees. In the frameworks introduced by Goodman et al. 3, Page 10, and Guigó, Muchnik, and Smith 5 this is formulated as an optimization problem; namely, that of finding the species tree requiring the minimum number of duplications and/ or losses in order to explain the gene trees.
Hallett et al. (Sat,) studied this question.