Long-Term Statin Treatment in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: More Insight into Tolerability and Adherence

BACKGROUND: Statins are currently the preferred pharmacological therapy in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) with the aim to prevent premature atherosclerosis. In adults, these agents have been proven to be safe and well tolerated; however, non-adherence is a significant clinical issue. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated tolerability and adherence to statin therapy in young adult FH patients 10 years after this was initiated in their childhood. METHODS: A questionnaire including items on medical history, adherence and reasons for discontinuation was sent to 214 young adult FH patients that initiated statin therapy at least 10 years ago. Tolerability was defined as 100% minus the percentage of patients that discontinued statin therapy due to side effects. Adherence was defined as the extent to which patients took their medication as prescribed by their physician. We labelled patients adherent if they took 80% or more of their pills in the month preceding our assessment. RESULTS: Follow-up was successful in 205 (95.8%) subjects (age 18-30 years). A history of side effects was reported by 40 (19.5%) of the patients, and mainly consisted of muscle complaints and gastrointestinal symptoms. Three patients (1.5%) discontinued statin therapy because of side effects. Rhadbomyolysis or other serious adverse events were not reported. In fact, 169 (82.4%) of 205 patients remained on statin treatment and 78.7% (148 out of 188) were adherent. None of the patient characteristics were significantly associated with adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with FH who started statin therapy in childhood demonstrated good adherence during ten years of treatment. Furthermore, statin therapy was well tolerated; only a small minority discontinued therapy because of side effects and the side effects that were reported were mild in nature.