Rating causal relations: Role of probability in judgments of response-outcome contingency.

We investigated the possible role of the conditional probabilities of an outcome given a response P(O|R) and of an outcome given the absence of a response P(O|NoR) in mediating college students'judgments of response-outcome contingency. A total of 150 subjects in three experiments was asked to describe the effect that telegraph key tapping had on the brief illumination of a lamp