The modified arterial reservoir: An update with consideration of asymptotic pressure ( P ∞ ) and zero-flow pressure ( P zf )

This article describes the modified arterial reservoir in detail. The modified arterial reservoir makes explicit the wave nature of both reservoir ( P res ) and excess pressure ( P xs ). The mathematical derivation and methods for estimating P res in the absence of flow velocity data are described. There is also discussion of zero-flow pressure ( P zf ), the pressure at which flow through the circulation ceases; its relationship to asymptotic pressure ( P ∞ ) estimated by the reservoir model; and the physiological interpretation of P zf . A systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence that P zf differs from mean circulatory filling pressure.