Bimodal expression of emotion by face and voice

A goal of research m human-computer Interaction IS computer systems that can recognize and understand nonverbal communtcatlon In a series of studlcs, we developed semiautomated methods of dlscrlmmatmg emotion and para-lmgulstlc communlcatton In face and voice In study I, three computervlslon based modules reliably recognized FACS action units, which are the smallest vlslbly dlscrlmmable changes m facial expresslon Automated Face Analysis demonstrated convergent valldlty with manual codmg for 15 actlon umts and actlon unit comblnatlons central to the expression of emotion In study 2, prosodic measures dlscrlmlnated pragmatic Intent m Infantdirected speech with accuracy rangmg from Gl-65% m test samples In study 3, facial EMG and prosodic measures combined dlscrlmmatcd between negative, neutral, and posltlve emotion with accuracy ranging from 47-79% In test samples These results support the feaslbillty of human-computer Interfaces that arc sensltlvc to the full range of human nonverbal communication