Photovoltaic module performance and durability following long-term field exposure

This paper summarizes test procedures, results, and implications of in-depth investigations of the performance and durability characteristics of commercial photovoltaic modules after long-term field exposure. New diagnostic test procedures for module reliability research are discussed and illustrated. A collaborative effort with US module manufacturers aimed at achieving 30-year module lifetimes is also described. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.