A theoretical investigation of the development of physical activity habits in retirement

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the impact of retirement on physical activity (PA) patterns. More specifically, the process of initiating and maintaining behaviour changes in PA were explored using a self-determination theory perspective. DESIGN: Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the formation of lifestyle habits post-retirement, and the role of PA within these. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis and an informal comparison made between physically active and inactive retired adults. METHODS: A total of 11 participants (7 female, 4 male; 6 physically active, 5 physically inactive) were recruited from churches and a local newspaper advertisement in South West England. On average, participants (M age=62.91 years; SD=2.3) had been retired 2 years and 8 months (SD=20.03). RESULTS: Three main themes emerged from the interviews specific to retired adults; social factors, lifelong tendencies, and sense of purpose. All retired adults searched for purpose in their lives, and for physically active adults having an exercise schedule contributed to this on a daily basis. PA also represented a source of personal challenge, whereas physically inactive retirees sought meaning and challenge from non-exercise domains. All participants were acutely aware of their mortality, but active participants felt that PA would increase their chances of enjoying a healthy retirement, rather than accepting a decline in physical function. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlighted how global aspirations for life after retirement can influence one's post-retirement lifestyle. The implications for future research and potential health promotion approaches are discussed.