Mechanisms for Developing and Implementing Import Substitution Policies

This article focuses on the importance of implementing an import substitution strategy in the context of economic policy, emphasizing that this can become a determining factor for stimulating domestic production, creating new jobs and strengthening the economic independence of the national economy. The work provides an in-depth analysis of the concept of import substitution in the Russian context, studying the various mechanisms and tools used by the government to implement this strategy. In addition, the potential of various methods of influencing the processes of import substitution is examined in detail. It is important to note that the import substitution strategy is aimed at reducing or completely stopping the import of certain goods by intensifying the production of similar goods in the domestic market. The authors of the work pay attention to the policy of import substitution as a directed action of the state, which is aimed at supporting and developing domestic production of goods that have competitive advantages over imported analogues. A discussion is held of the fundamental principles of the import substitution strategy, including time limitations, strategic focus and the stimulating rather than directive nature of the measures being implemented within the framework of the import substitution policy. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the dynamics of the competitiveness of domestic products and the entire national economy, considered as a key indicator of the success of such a strategy. The main instruments of import substitution are examined in detail, which are classified according to the nature and intensity of their impact on economic entities, the breadth and direction of this impact, taking into account the costs of their implementation and territorial distribution. In addition, the key mechanisms of import substitution, including tariff and non-tariff methods, are studied in detail. Particular attention is paid to identifying the positive effect of ongoing activities that contribute to the expansion of production and stimulating business activity in the country, as well as the method proposed in the work for assessing the potential of import substitution mechanisms, which is based on an analysis of the positive and negative results of their implementation in combination with a study of the costs of their implementation.