Close-Range 3D Hyperspectral Measurement System with a Physics-Guided Spectral Correction Model

Three-dimensional (3D) hyperspectral point clouds provide both surface geometry and spectral information, offering a promising tool for close-range surface characterization. However, reliable reflectance-related spectral measurement on complex surfaces remains challenging because camera-recorded spectral signals are strongly affected by non-uniform illumination, surface geometry, and the spectral response of the imaging system, while existing correction methods are often limited by Lambertian assumptions and narrow spectral capacity. In this work, we present a close-range 3D hyperspectral measurement framework with geometry-aware spectral correction that integrates a structured-light 3D measurement module with a hyperspectral imaging module. The system enables the acquisition of fused 3D hyperspectral data with a sphere-fitting RMS residual below 40 μm and a spectral resolution of 7 nm. To improve spectral correction on geometrically complex surfaces, we propose a physics-guided spectral correction model, termed 3D light-field spectral correction (3D-LFSC), which is inspired by the geometric dependence described by the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) and uses measurable geometric information to model geometry-dependent spectral variation. Because the system adopts a cross-polarized illumination–detection configuration, the corrected spectra should be interpreted as diffuse-dominant apparent reflectance estimates under the fixed system configuration, rather than complete surface reflectance. Experiments on surfaces with different geometries and reflectance properties show that the proposed method improves spectral consistency by more than 10% compared with existing methods. The framework also demonstrates applicability to chromaticity-related analysis on facial surfaces, indicating its potential for close-range spectral measurement of complex biological surfaces.