Los puntos clave no están disponibles para este artículo en este momento.
A bound on the coupling strengths of a very light pseudoscalar particle is derived from stellar energy loss at various stages of evolution: the sun, red giants, and cooling white dwarfs. The dimensionless Yukawa and 2 couplings must be less than 10^-11.
Fukugita et al. (Mon,) studied this question.