A Multistage Virtual Screening Strategy Integrating Molecular Similarity, Deep Learning Scoring, and Molecular Docking toward the Discovery of Novel LRRK2 Inhibitors

values of 315.7 nM against wild-type LRRK2 and 255.4 nM against the G2019S mutant. The cell viability assay indicated comparable cytotoxicity of compound C-298 to the positive control MLi-2. Furthermore, compound C-298 effectively reduced reactive oxygen species levels and inhibited the phosphorylation of LRRK2 (Ser935) and Rab10 (Thr73) in a concentration-dependent manner. Molecular dynamics simulations elucidated that hydrogen bond interactions with residues Glu1948 and Ala1950, as well as molecular rigidity, play critical roles in inhibitory activity. Our study demonstrates the utility of AI-assisted virtual screening in accelerating LRRK2 inhibitor discovery and identifies compound C-298 as a promising inhibitor, providing valuable insights for further rational design of LRRK2 inhibitors.