Nonpharmacological dyspnoea-relief strategies in lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background Dyspnoea is a common and distressing symptom in lung cancer patients. While various dyspnoea-relief strategies show promise, their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. Methods We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on nonpharmacological dyspnoea-relief strategies in lung cancer patients, using studies published until 12 June 2025 from the databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The primary outcome was dyspnoea score post-intervention. Results 4138 participants from 46 randomised controlled trials were included in the analysis. Among 10 nonpharmacological dyspnoea-relief strategies in lung cancer patients, acupressure (surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) 98.7%, Hedges’ g −1.96, 95% CI −2.92 to −0.99) demonstrated the highest efficacy, followed by fan (SUCRA 83.7%, Hedges’ g −1.11, 95% CI −1.72 to −0.50), and multicomponent interventions (SUCRA 80.7%, Hedges’ g −1.01, 95% CI −1.49 to −0.52). In post-operative lung cancer patients, multicomponent interventions (SUCRA 97.4%, Hedges’ g −1.55, 95% CI −2.16 to −0.94) were the most effective, followed by cognitive behavioural therapy (SUCRA 74.8%, Hedges’ g −0.90, 95% CI −1.75 to −0.05). For patients with pre-existing dyspnoea, acupressure (SUCRA 90.9%, Hedges’ g −1.72, 95% CI −3.01 to −0.42) and fan therapy (SUCRA 77.3%, Hedges’ g −1.18, 95% CI −2.10 to −0.27) were the top interventions. Conclusions Acupressure is the primary strategy for alleviating dyspnoea in lung cancer patients, including those with pre-existing dyspnoea, followed by fan therapy, while multicomponent interventions are recommended for post-operative patients.