Radiographic evaluation of increased overjet in skeletal Class II and other malocclusion classifications

Abstract OBJECTIVES: The study’s aim was determining incidence of the overjet that increased, as well as evaluating the connection between it and other measurements sagittal in patients with malocclusion and not receiving treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A conduction of a cross-sectional study was conducted on 585 orthodontic patients whose Cephalometric X-rays were obtained from orthodontic centers in Karbala city, Iraq. The iRYS software was used in cephalometric analysis to detect the anatomical landmarks and angles and to measure the overjet and determine the skeletal classes according to the amount of Sella-Nasion-A point (SNA), Sella-Nasion-B point (SNB), and A point-Nasion-B point (ANB) angles. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression to assess associations. RESULTS: Increased overjet was observed in 56.4% of the subjects, decreased overjet in 21.7%, and normal overjet in 21.9%. Chi-square analysis revealed that 74.8% of the increased overjet cases were associated with Class II skeletal pattern ( P < 0.001), while only 13.6% were associated with Class III, showing no significant correlation. Logistic regression confirmed that Class II malocclusion significantly increased the likelihood of the increased overjet ( B = 0.867, OR = 2.379, 95% CI: 1.58–3.56, P < 0.001), whereas Class III malocclusion decreased this likelihood ( B = –2.072, OR = 0.126, 95% CI: 0.069–0.229, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The increased overjet was the most prevalent condition in the study population. The increased overjet is highly prevalent and strongly associated with Class II skeletal pattern, whereas Class III is protective. Early skeletal assessment is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning.