Methane Emission from Rice Fields

they do not cause specific symptoms on the aboveground parts of the plant, they can cause severe growth reduction, chlorosis, wilting of plants, and 20-70% yield reduction in infested fields. M. graminicola, the rice root-knot nematode, is widely distributed in rainfed upland and lowland ricefields in South and Southeast Asia, especially in lighttextured soils. It is considered to be an important pest in rainfed lowland areas in India and northeast Thailand.