Clinical significance of capsule endoscopy in the study of the functional state and endoscopic anatomy of the gastroduodenal junction

The pylorus is a complex of morphological formations that perform an anti-reflux function and the function of promoting the contents of the stomach into the duodenum. The scientific domestic and foreign literature presents many studies of the gastric side of the gastroduodenal junction, the pylorus, but there have been no studies of the functions and endoscopic anatomy of the bulbous side of the pylorus. This section is a difficult-to-reach “blind spot” for traditional flexible endoscopy. Therefore, it was decided to discover it with the possibilities of capsule endoscopy using the PillCam COLON2 video capsule from Given Imaging (Israel) with two cameras on opposite sides. This article presents an analysis of capsule endoscopy in 120 people, 60 mature and 60 elderly, half of them healthy, and half were sick, 56 men, 64 women. As a result, it was possible to study individual differences in the shapes of the orifice of the bulbous side of the pylorus in the opened and closed states. For the first time during capsule endoscopy, a circular fold with a width of 1 to 7 mm was discovered around the pyloric opening on the bulbous side of the pylorus, and the size of circular fold at which the antireflux function of the gastroduodenal junction is performed.