Decentralized energy solutions: The impact of smart grid-enabled EV charging stations

Electric vehicle (EVs) and charging stations (CSs) are increasingly embraced by a growing population in various regions as a means to safeguard the environment and combat climate change. The integration of blockchain technology into electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) within smart grids highlights the potential for creating decentralized networks. Furthermore, this study explores various facets such as recent technologies. There is a rising demand for more effective and safe charging facilities as EV use increases. By facilitating transparent, secure, and P2P energy transfers, the blockchain offers a revolutionary solution that could significantly reduce dependency on centralized utilities. The paper summarizes the current status of blockchain technology regarding EV charging, examines its advantages and disadvantages, and suggests potential avenues for further study and development. Moreover, this article describes types of EVs, EVCSs, technologies applied in EVCSs within smart grids, and other important aspects, such as placement, demand side management (DSM), battery technologies. This review work focuses on how blockchain technology could support decentralized charging networks, enabling EV owners to participate in energy-related trading, resell excess electricity to the grid, and enhance the reliability of the system. Global objectives for energy transition and decarbonization could be achieved by more robust, efficient, and sustainable smart grids developed through this decentralized approach.