Satisfaction with knowledge sharing among millennials: a cross-country mixed methods approach

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore how millennials attain satisfaction through knowledge sharing (KS) in knowledge-intensive environments. Considering growing attention to mental well-being at work, this research investigates how knowledge characteristics – specifically complexity and complementarity – and KS behaviors contribute to satisfaction outcomes. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors follow a mixed-methods research design. Drawing on the social cognitive theory, the authors address the antecedents of satisfaction with KS for 213 millennial employees working together in a specific knowledge-intensive context: master’s programs in management at Polish and Portuguese business schools. Findings This study shows that knowledge complementarity significantly promotes KS and reduces fear of losing power, while complex knowledge – contrary to Social Cognitive Theory expectations – encourages sharing among millennials seeking recognition. Satisfaction arises when high sharing is paired with low fear. These findings challenge traditional Social Cognitive Theory assumptions by revealing that millennials view complex knowledge as a strategic asset rather than a barrier, guided by self-efficacy, outcome expectations and self-regulation. Configurational analysis confirms that the absence of complementarity and presence of complexity trigger fear and withholding. No cultural differences were found, suggesting generational traits outweigh national influences. Research limitations/implications The authors acknowledge the limitations of the results because of the small sample involved and the cross-sectional approach applied to the data. Originality/value By combining structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, this research offers a multidimensional understanding of how millennials navigate emotional and cognitive factors in KS. This study highlights the generational nuances in sharing behavior and challenges traditional assumptions about knowledge complexity.