Romani migrations in the post‐communist era:Their historical and political significance

This article examines recent patterns of Romani westward migrations, challenging the notion of a ‘tidal wave’ of Roma migrants entering western Europe. The first part distinguishes migration from nomadism, rejecting the common proposition that Roma are inherently nomadic, and goes on to distinguish the particularities of Romani migrations compared to westward migrations of other groups. The article then looks at the causes of Romani migrations before analysing the special difficulties facing Romani migrants, particularly asylum seekers, in the countries which they migrate to. The response of western governments to Romani migrants, in particular attempts at curbing Romani immigration, is examined in detail. The article further outlines the impact of Romani westward migrations on the development of Romani non‐governmental organisations in both the East and the West.