Current progress, challenges, and future prospects in composite cryogenic hydrogen storage tanks

Abstract Cryogenic hydrogen storage is essential for fostering a sustainable hydrogen economy and is pivotal in achieving global decarbonization targets. Its ability to efficiently store large quantities of hydrogen supports diverse applications across energy, industry, and transportation sectors. However, significant challenges persist, including hydrogen permeability, boil‐off losses, embrittlement, and insulation inefficiencies, which impede the widespread adoption of this technology. While previous studies have provided valuable insights into specific aspects of cryogenic hydrogen storage, a holistic understanding of these issues remains fragmented, with limited focus on the interplay between materials, system design, and operational performance. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by critically analyzing recent advancements in cryogenic hydrogen storage and identifying unresolved challenges that require further exploration. Adopting an integrative approach, this study synthesizes findings from various disciplines to provide a holistic perspective. It emphasizes advanced computational modeling, the development of novel materials with improved thermal and mechanical properties, and integrated system designs that address the complex nature of cryogenic storage. By highlighting research gaps and proposing innovative pathways, this review seeks to advance the field and accelerate the adoption of cryogenic hydrogen storage as a cornerstone technology for a sustainable energy future. Highlights Investigation of hydrogen permeation in composites and polymers for LH 2 storage. Heat leaks, ortho‐para conversion, and sloshing impact LH 2 boil‐off losses. Surface treatments enhance resistance to hydrogen embrittlement in materials. MLI insulation outperforms foam and bulk‐filled in cryogenic LH 2 storage.