Reversible Insertion Properties of Zinc Ion into Manganese Dioxide and Its Application for Energy Storage

The reversible intercalation of ions into manganese dioxide was first reported in an aqueous system and a large capacity was measured. A cycle life test was performed at , and after , no capacity fading was found, which indicates the good cycling properties of manganese dioxide toward the insertion of zinc ions. X-ray photoelectron spectrum measurements indicated that ions in the electrolyte are involved in the charge storage process of manganese dioxide. X-ray diffraction results exhibited the kinetic stability of the host structure in allowing high-capacity, single-phase, and reversible zinc-ion intercalation.