Implementing and using smart maintenance technologies: Introducing challenges and enablers related to human, organizational and technological perspectives

Research within smart maintenance has become a popular research topic largely focused on how the nine technologies of Industry 4.0, such as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Augmented Reality (AR), as well as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cyber Physical System (CPS), can be used for, e.g., condition monitoring of equipment, remote services, modelling wear of components, calculating Remaining Useful Life (RUL) and prediction of failure. Due to the new generation of maintenance, new skills are required regarding the interaction between humans and technologies. Human-technology interaction in smart maintenance research is not highlighted in a structured way and according to any type of socio-technical system. The aim of the paper is to study the challenges and their associated theoretically grounded enablers regarding the implementation of and use of smart maintenance technologies, through the interplay between humans, technologies and organizations. The paper is based on empirical data from seven large manufacturing companies in Sweden as well as a literature review.