Surgical management

Abstract Patients with rheumatic disease who have persistent joint or functional deficit despite adequate medical and rehabilitative management may require surgical intervention, as discussed in this self-directed learning module. It is a section of the chapter on rehabilitation in joint and connective tissue diseases for the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program Study Guide for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Appropriate timing for surgical procedures is critical to ensure a successful outcome. In addition, adequate postoperative rehabilitation is requisite to achieving maximal functional levels.