Social hierarchies in youth: school-based peer hierarchies are more important than family socioeconomic status for stress (cortisol)

72, for girls 5.5 vs 7.7%, OR 0.72) scores compared with those born to abstainers. For boys the association for total difficulties remained statistically significant in fully adjusted models. Boys born to light drinkers had higher mean cognitive test scores compared to those born to abstainers: Naming Vocabulary (58 vs 55), Picture Similarities (56 vs 55), and Pattern Construction (52 vs 50) and the differences for Naming Vocabulary and Picture Similarities remained statistically significant in fully adjusted models. Girls born to light drinkers compared to those born to abstainers had higher mean scores on the Pattern Completion subscale (53 vs 52) but this difference was attenuated in fully adjusted models. Conclusions: At age 5 years cohort members born to mothers who drank up to 1-2 drinks per week or per occasion during pregnancy were not at increased risk of clinically relevant behavioural difficulties or cognitive deficits compared with children of abstinent mothers.