The aldosterone-to-renin ratio is a highly effective screening tool for primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients, yielding a pooled sensitivity of 81.6%, specificity of 93.3%, and AUC of 94.7%.
Meta-Analysis (n=7,150)
Does the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) accurately screen for primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients?
The aldosterone-to-renin ratio is a highly accurate and consistent screening tool for primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients.
Estimación del efecto: Diagnostic odds ratio 62.0
Background: The aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) is commonly used for screening primary aldosteronism (PA) in patients with difficult-to-control hypertension. Various thresholds have been proposed for the confirmatory tests, leading to inconsistency in the results. Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the performance of ARR screening in hypertensive patients. Design: Systemic review and meta-analysis. Data sources and methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to January 2024. Studies that used the ARR to screen for PA and provided a comprehensive probability panel specifically focusing on hypertensive individuals were considered for enrollment. Pooled diagnostic efficacy was evaluated, and subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted based on different demographic and clinical parameters. Results: Eighteen observational studies encompassing 7150 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of PA in the hypertensive cohort was 15.2%, and pooled sensitivity and specificity were 81.6% and 93.3%, respectively, resulting in a diagnostic odds ratio of 62.0. Fagan's nomogram showed that a positive ARR increased the post-test probability to 80% from a pre-test probability of 25%. Summary receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 94.7%. Notably, analysis of variability demonstrated that the diagnostic performance was consistent across either ARR based on plasma renin activity or direct renin concentration, geographic region, sex, mean age, potassium level, and systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: ARR was validated as a viable screening methodology for PA in hypertensive individuals. Moreover, its diagnostic efficacy remained unchanged across diverse clinical contexts. Future studies are warranted to refine ARR methodologies and enhance diagnostic accuracy. Trial registration: PROSPERO ID number CRD42023493680. Infographics: ARR, aldosterone-to-renin ratio; BP, blood pressure; DRC, direct renin concentration; hsROC, hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic; PA, primary aldosteronism; PRA, plasma renin activity.
Kao et al. (Mon,) conducted a meta-analysis in Hypertension (n=7,150). Aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) was evaluated on Pooled diagnostic efficacy (sensitivity and specificity) (Diagnostic odds ratio 62.0). The aldosterone-to-renin ratio is a highly effective screening tool for primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients, yielding a pooled sensitivity of 81.6%, specificity of 93.3%, and AUC of 94.7%.