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Recently, renewable energy sources (RESs) have increasingly being integrated into the power grids as a result of environmental and governmental perspectives. In this regard, installation of RESs as potential power resources in distribution systems would benefit the grid by decreasing the power losses, as well as addressing the fossil fuel shortages, and their environmental aspects. Nevertheless, the high-level integration of RESs as well as the development of distributed structures in local systems could challenge the reliable operation of the grid. In this context, conventional approaches could not optimally regulate the voltage in the grid; therefore, utilities have to exploit the scheduling of local responsive resources to address the voltage regulation issue in systems with high penetration of RESs. Consequently, the proposed scheme in this paper enables the distribution system operator (DSO) to activate flexibility service from local responsive resources with the aim of addressing the voltage regulation issue in the grid. Respectively, DSO as the leader provides incentive control signals to ensure collaboration of the independent agents in voltage regulation procedure. Finally, the developed framework is applied on the 37-bus IEEE test network to investigate its application in mitigating the voltage issue in the active distribution systems with multi-agent structures.
Fattaheian‐Dehkordi et al. (Fri,) studied this question.