Wearable healthcare using laser-induced graphene

Abstract With the surge in demand for digital healthcare technologies, the development of flexible and functional electronic devices capable of detecting various bio-signals has become increasingly important. Laser-induced graphene (LIG), a porous graphene structure formed by laser irradiation directly onto various carbon substrates, has been regarded as a promising candidate for an advanced flexible electrode material. Owing to the remarkable properties of LIG, including electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and chemical robustness, many researchers have actively explored its application in multifunctional wearable sensors. This paper presents an overview of the fundamental fabrication mechanisms and material properties of LIG, addressing the influence of laser processing parameters on its characteristics. Furthermore, it reviews recent research trends focused on LIG-based sensors for physical bio-signal detection and chemical biomarker detection as applied across various wearable platforms. Finally, the potential of LIG in next-generation healthcare systems is discussed, along with research directions aimed at facilitating its commercialization. Graphical abstract