Postmortem Examinations on Deceased Neonates: A Rarely Utilized Procedure in an African Referral Center

Postmortem examination remains the gold standard for the correct diagnosis of many diseases and for unraveling unexplained causes of death. This paper reports on the poor utilization of autopsy services and encourages parents/caregivers and practitioners to perform postmortem examinations on deceased neonates in sub-Saharan Africa. In a retrospective study, the records of 1093 neonates (653 males and 440 females, ratio 1.5∶1) who died at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital and who were brought to the mortuary between 2006 and 2010 were reviewed to determine the utilization of and factors influencing postmortem examination. Sixty-two percent of the neonates died within the 1st week of life, and only 9 (0.8%) underwent a postmortem examination. Findings in the 9 postmortem studies performed on 7 males and 2 females provided additional information on the causes of death. The religious beliefs that neonates should not be subjected to postmortem study and beliefs that dead neonates are taboo and a punishment by the gods for past wrongdoings influenced 511 (46.8%) parents/caregivers to refuse postmortem analysis. The practitioners did not request postmortem study in 281 (25.7%) of the cases. The utilization of postmortem examination was marginal in this setting. We advocate the need for public enlightenment campaigns to modify the attitudes of parents/caregivers toward the postmortem study of deceased neonates. Policies should be formulated to mandate postmortem examinations of deceased neonates to enhance insight into neonatal disease, unravel unexplained causes of death, and improve the standard of neonatal care in this subregion.