This paper examines how Budō (traditional Japanese martial arts) functions as a vehicle for intercultural understanding within Japan and in overseas contexts.Extending prior research among international students at a Japanese university (OʼConnell, 2023(OʼConnell, , 2024)), this study incorporates ethnographic observations and interviews with practitioners and instructors in three overseas dojos.Using thematic, comparative qualitative analysis and grounded in theories of intercultural competence, transformative learning, and embodied cognition, the study finds that Budōʼs ritual forms, ethical vocabulary, and communal training structures operate together as an embodied dialogic pedagogy.Participants report changes in intercultural sensitivity, reflexivity, and relational skills that persist beyond the dojo.The paper also addresses tensions that arise when transmitting Budō across cultural contexts including the balance between maintaining authenticity and enabling accessibility.It also offers recommendations for future research into integrating Budō-based practices into intercultural education, instructor training, and institutional exchange programs.
Sean O’CONNELL (Mon,) studied this question.