ABSTRACT The heavy toxicity, carcinogenicity, and environmental prevalence of arsenic are a world threat to human health, especially in developing countries, since it is a serious toxic and carcinogenic element. Traditional analysis methods, such as atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), are very accurate and lack the flexibility of application in on‐site monitoring, expensive equipment, and complicated methods. This review provides an in‐depth discussion of the latest developments in the arsenic detection strategies that include optical (colorimetric, fluorescence, and Raman scattering) methods, electrochemical methods (voltammetric, amperometric, and impedimetric), along with biosensing systems, and emerging techniques like quartz crystal microbalance and chemoresistive sensor. Special attention is on high‐level sensing materials such as noble metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon‐based nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymers, and hybrid nanocomposites, which have high levels of sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Signal transduction pathways, mechanisms of arsenic recognition and speciation‐specific recognition of arsenite As(III), and arsenate As(V). The most crucial issues connected with matrix interference, long‐term stability, field deployability, and regulatory compliance are pointed. Lastly, the review is presented in the future that focuses on environment friendly materials, small sensors, and the combination with digital platforms to track real‐time arsenic levels.
Pradhan et al. (Mon,) studied this question.