What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to identify risk factors for developing inflammatory arthritis-related adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

June 3, 2026

The association of osteoarthritis with de novo inflammatory arthritis in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective study

Puntos clave

This study aims to identify risk factors for developing inflammatory arthritis-related adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Comparison of prevalence rates of osteoarthritis among three groups: IA-irAE, non-IA irAE, and non-irAE.
Logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations with inflammatory arthritis risk.
69% of IA-irAE patients had osteoarthritis, significantly higher than the 48% in both non-IA irAE and non-irAE groups (p < 0.001).
IA-irAE patients exhibited higher multisite osteoarthritis frequency, particularly in hands (62%), compared to 13% in both other groups (p < 0.001).
Preexisting osteoarthritis associated with increased IA-irAE risk, OR 2.88 (95% CI 1.85-4.52).

Resumen

OBJECTIVE: We aim to identify risk factors to enable stratification of patients' susceptibility to inflammatory arthritis immune-related adverse events (IA-irAE). This retrospective study mainly examines whether preexisting osteoarthritis (OA) increases the likelihood of de novo IA-irAE. METHODS: The prevalence of OA among immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI)-treated patients who developed IA-irAE, those who developed other types of irAEs but not IA (non-IA irAE), and those who did not develop any irAEs (non-irAE) were compared. Electronic medical records were reviewed to extract demographic, clinical and laboratory data. Group comparisons and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: 181 de novo IA-irAE patients, 140 non-IA irAE patients and 170 non-irAE patients were included. The prevalence of OA was significantly higher in the IA-irAE group (69%) than the non-IA irAE group (48%) and the non-irAE group (48%) (both p < 0.001). The IA-irAE group demonstrated a higher frequency of multisite OA, with predominant hand involvement (62%) than the non-IA irAE with OA group (13%) and the non-irAE with OA group (13%) (both p < 0.001). A family history of autoimmune disease (AID) (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.02-4.05), preexisting OA (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.85-4.52) and melanoma (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.56-4.47) were identified as risk factors for the development of IA-irAE. CONCLUSIONS: OA was more prevalent among ICI-treated patients developing IA-irAE than those who did not. Hand OA was the most common OA pattern in IA-irAE patients. Preexisting OA, melanoma and a family history of AID were associated with IA-irAE.

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