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Whether the class Quantum Merlin Arthur is equal to QMA₁, or QMA with one-sided error, has been an open problem for years. This note helps to explain why the problem is difficult, by using ideas from real analysis to give a quantum oracle relative to which QMA₁. As a byproduct, we find that there are facts about quantum complexity classes that are classically relativizing but not quantumly relativizing, among them such trivial containments as BQPZQEXP.
Dowling et al. (Sat,) studied this question.