Telemedical Care Reduces Hypoglycemias and Improves Glycemic Control in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Education programs for intensive insulin therapy were found to be valuable in improving glycemic control, but, due to low prevalence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents, access to those programs varies considerably in rural areas. We report on a telemedical care program that overcomes geographical isolation of patients on intensive insulin therapy. Sixty-one children and adolescents under the age of 26 participated in a telemedical care program. They stored daily information on blood glucose, injected insulin, meals and exercise in a glucosemeter with electronic memory and transferred the data via modem go a remote diabetes center outside of the region. By individual telephone consultations from home, they reviewed the data with a diabetologist at the diabetes center and adjusted their intensive insulin therapy in order to achieve predefined treatment goals. Patients were trained for 19 (6-48) weeks in the program and measured blood glucose 4.9 (1.7-4.9) times daily. Compared to the run-in-period, mean blood glucose had decreased (167 to 158 mg/dL, p < 0.01), standard deviation of blood glucose had decreased (81 to 70 mg/dL, p < 0.001), and frequency of hypoglycemia had decreased (5.2 to 3.3 in 4 weeks, p = 0.01) at the end of the program. The proportion of blood glucose values within the target range (80-180 mg/dL) had increased (47-55%, p < 0.001). HbAlc was reduced by 0.4% (-3.8 to +2.2%, p < 0.05). Telemedical care for intensive insulin therapy is safe, can improve glycemic control, and reduce the number of hypoglycemias in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.