Rural Residents' Use of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs

The goal of this study was to identify the factors that influence the use of cardiac rehabilitation services by rural residents. The Andersen-Newman framework, which consists of three determinants of health services utilization (predisposing, enabling, and need factors), was used to direct this research. The three data collection points were at time of discharge from the hospital, two weeks post discharge, and one week following the date that the cardiac rehabilitation program would have been completed. Packets for the three data collection points were unique and contained instruments to assess various factors influencing the use of health services. The sample (N = 254) were adults living in rural areas who had experienced a cardiac event and received treatment at one of four hospitals in two western states and who provided useable data on all three questionnaires. Findings indicated that 72 (28%) of the participants attended some portion of a rehabilitation program, and only 43 (17%) completed the full 36-week program. Four predisposing factors, one enabling factor, and two need factors were significant in explaining the number of cardiac rehabilitation sessions attended. Further research is needed to validate these factors and to identify others which may influence the use of cardiac rehabilitation by rural residents. Likewise, it is essential to examine alternate ways to meet the rehabilitative needs of rural cardiac clients.